Back exercise

Pull-Up

Type Compound Force Pull Difficulty Intermediate

The pull-up is the benchmark vertical-pulling exercise for building a strong back and biceps using just your bodyweight. Here's how to perform it well — and how to build up to your first rep.

The pull-up primarily works the lats and upper back, with the biceps and rear delts assisting. Hang from a bar with an overhand grip slightly wider than shoulder-width, then pull your elbows down until your chin clears the bar, and lower under control to a full hang.
Illustration showing the pull-up movement
Gear

Equipment

Technique

How to do the Pull-Up

  1. 1 Grip the bar with an overhand grip, hands slightly wider than shoulder-width.
  2. 2 Hang with arms extended and shoulders engaged (not shrugged up to your ears). Brace your core.
  3. 3 Initiate the pull by drawing your shoulder blades down, then drive your elbows down toward your ribs.
  4. 4 Lead with your chest and pull until your chin clears the bar.
  5. 5 Squeeze your back at the top, then lower under control all the way to a full hang. Repeat.
Form cues

Tips for better form

  • Start the pull by depressing your shoulder blades, not by bending the elbows first.
  • Think about pulling your chest to the bar, not just getting your chin over it.
  • Use a full range of motion: dead hang at the bottom, chin over the bar at the top.
  • Keep your core braced to avoid swinging.
Avoid these

Common mistakes

  • Swinging or kipping to generate momentum (unless you're training kipping on purpose).
  • Using a partial range of motion — not fully extending at the bottom or not clearing the bar at the top.
  • Shrugging the shoulders up instead of pulling them down and back.
  • Adding weight before you can control your bodyweight reps.
Progressions

Can't do a pull-up yet? Start here

Build the strength and pattern with these scalable alternatives.

Assisted Pull-Up

Use a band or assisted machine to reduce load while keeping the full movement pattern.

Lat Pulldown

A cable alternative that trains the same vertical-pull pattern with adjustable load.

Inverted Row

A horizontal-pull progression that builds back strength at an easier angle.

Negative Pull-Up

Jump to the top and lower slowly to build pulling strength.

FAQ

Pull-up questions

What muscles do pull-ups work?

Primarily the lats and upper back, with the biceps, rear delts, and forearms assisting. The core stabilizes the body.

How do I get my first pull-up?

Build strength with assisted pull-ups, lat pulldowns, inverted rows, and slow negatives. Train the pattern 2–3 times per week and progress gradually.

Pull-up vs chin-up — what's the difference?

A pull-up uses an overhand grip and emphasizes the lats and upper back; a chin-up uses an underhand grip and involves the biceps more.

How many reps should I do?

Work in the range you can control with good form — often 3–4 sets of 4–10 reps, adding reps or load over time.

Train with Fitonist

Add the pull-up to your back day

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